{"id":7782,"date":"2020-08-11T08:19:54","date_gmt":"2020-08-11T08:19:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/?p=7782"},"modified":"2020-08-11T08:19:54","modified_gmt":"2020-08-11T08:19:54","slug":"eau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/?p=7782","title":{"rendered":"Eau"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toutes les photos qui illustrent ce texte, sauf l\u2019arc en ciel, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises lundi 10 ao\u00fbt, pour faire un \u00e9tat des lieux \u00e0 un moment pr\u00e9cis dans un lieu pr\u00e9cis. Le parc souffre, mais certains arbres sont toujours resplendissants.<\/strong><\/span>
\nAll the photos that illustrate this text, except the rainbow, were taken on Monday, August 10, to make an inventory at a specific time in a specific location. The park is suffering, but some trees are still resplendent.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nous devrions avoir plus de consid\u00e9ration pour\u00a0 l\u2019eau. Quand nous nous brossons les dents, nous devrions fermer le robinet, et pas seulement pour r\u00e9duire la facture (pour ceux qui payent l\u2019eau, contrairement \u00e0 nous). Onze pour cent de la population mondiale n\u2019auraient pas l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable en 2015, et parmi ceux qui y ont acc\u00e8s, certains doivent marcher longtemps et rapporter le chargement pesant d\u2019une eau qui n\u2019est pas vraiment<\/span><\/em> potable.<\/strong>
\nWe should have more regard for water. When we brush our teeth, we should turn off the tap, and not just to cut the bill (for those who pay for water, unlike us). Eleven percent of the world’s population would not have access to safe drinking water in 2015, and among those who do have it, some have to walk for a long time and bring back the heavy load of water that is not really<\/em><\/span> safe to drink.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Je me sens en quelque sorte oblig\u00e9e<\/span><\/em> de soutenir les luttes sociales au nom de tous ceux qui m\u2019ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e ou de ceux qui luttent aujourd\u2019hui, et bien plus difficilement que moi. Un peu de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, je me sens oblig\u00e9e<\/span><\/em> de rappeler que l\u2019eau, pr\u00e9sente presque partout, capable du meilleur comme du pire, doit \u00eatre respect\u00e9e, et que nous aurions tous int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 mieux g\u00e9rer cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment indispensable \u00e0 la vie.<\/strong>
\nI kind of feel obligated<\/span><\/em> to support social struggles on behalf of all who came before me or those who struggle today, and much harder than I do. Likewise, I feel compelled<\/span><\/em> to remember that water, present almost everywhere, capable of both the best and the worst, must be respected, and that we would all have an interest in better managing this essential element of life.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous sommes constitu\u00e9s de soixante \u00e0 soixante-cinq pour cent d\u2019eau. Nous l\u2019\u00e9liminons continuellement, donc nous devons continuellement renouveler le stock\u00a0 (combien d\u2019entre vous irez boire un grand verre avant de continuer votre lecture\u00a0?). Si nous sommes priv\u00e9s d\u2019eau, la mort peut survenir apr\u00e8s trois jours de souffrance et de troubles nombreux.<\/strong>
\nWe are made up of sixty to sixty-five percent water. We are constantly eliminating it, so we have to continually replenish the stock (how many of you will be going for a tall drink before you read on?). If we are deprived of water, death can occur after three days of suffering and many troubles.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Quand on envoie une sonde sur Mars, on cherche des traces d\u2019eau, dont la pr\u00e9sence signifie pr\u00e9sence de vie.<\/strong>
\nWhen we send a probe to Mars, we are looking for traces of water, the presence of which signifies the presence of life.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Il y a dix ou vingt ans, on commen\u00e7ait \u00e0 parler de \u00ab\u00a0guerres de l\u2019eau\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: de nos jours, il est devenu relativement facile techniquement de priver tout un pays de cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment en d\u00e9tournant le cours d\u2019une rivi\u00e8re. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, eau et guerre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9es de tous temps\u00a0: une arm\u00e9e recule en br\u00fblant les r\u00e9coltes et en empoisonnant les puits. Quand on construisait des ch\u00e2teaux-forts, on choisissait l\u2019emplacement (entre autres donn\u00e9es) en fonction des capacit\u00e9s du lieu \u00e0 renouveler son approvisionnement en eau.<\/strong>
\nTen or twenty years ago, we started talking about \u00ab\u00a0water wars\u00a0\u00bb: nowadays it has become relatively easy technically to deprive an entire country of this element by diverting the course of a river. In fact, water and war have always been linked: an army retreats, burning crops and poisoning wells. When we built fortresses, we chose the location (among other things) according to the capacity of the place to renew its water supply.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Elle est aussi notre ennemie. Sa force destructrice peut \u00eatre terrifiante. Sous forme de petites flaques croupissantes, elle favorise la naissance des moustiques qui transmettent la malaria (ou paludisme\u00a0: combien d\u2019agglom\u00e9rations en France contiennent les syllabes PA-LU dans leur nom\u00a0?). <\/strong>
\nIt is also our enemy. Its destructive force can be terrifying. In the form of small stagnant puddles, it promotes the birth of mosquitoes that transmit malaria (or paludism\u00a0: how many cities in France contain the syllables PA-LU in their name?).
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Parfois inqui\u00e9tante, parfois rassurante, elle occupe une bonne place dans les pr\u00e9occupations de la plupart d\u2019entre nous. Et elle est \u00e0 la fois pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s partout, banale, commune, ordinaire\u2026 et extraordinaire. Elle a de nombreuses capacit\u00e9s\u00a0: elle peut dissoudre le sel, le sucre, et d’autres substances. Elle augmente de volume en se solidifiant, alors que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments diminuent de volume avec le froid. <\/strong>
\nSometimes disturbing, sometimes reassuring, it looms large on the concerns of most of us. And it is present almost everywhere, banal, common, ordinary\u2026 and extraordinary. It has many abilities: it can dissolve salt, sugar, and other substances. It increases in volume as it solidifies, while the elements decrease in volume with cold.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans un lointain pass\u00e9 mais je ne sais ni quand ni o\u00f9, un ambassadeur, de retour dans son pays d\u2019origine, a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 mort pour avoir prof\u00e9r\u00e9 une \u00e9norme menterie\u00a0: tr\u00e8s loin d\u2019ici, racontait-il, quand il fait froid, l\u2019eau devient dure comme la pierre.<\/strong>
\nIn the distant past, but I do not know when or where, an ambassador, back in his country of origin, was put to death for having uttered a huge lie: very far from here, he said, when it is cold, the water becomes hard as a stone.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Le malheureux n\u2019aurait pas arrang\u00e9 son cas s\u2019il avait parl\u00e9 de sublimation et de surfusion.<\/strong>
\nThe unfortunate man would not have helped his case if he had talked about sublimation and supercooling.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0En physique, la sublimation est le changement d\u2019\u00e9tat<\/a> d\u2019un corps de l\u2019\u00e9tat solide \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat gazeux directement (sans passer par l\u2019\u00e9tat liquide). Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 inverse se nomme d\u00e9position ou condensation solide ou encore sublimation inverse.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> Wikip\u00e9dia <\/strong>
\n\u00ab\u00a0In physics, sublimation is the change of state<\/a> of a body from a solid state to a gaseous state directly (bypassing the liquid state). The reverse process is called solid deposition or condensation or reverse sublimation.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> Wikip\u00e9dia
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La surfusion est l’\u00e9tat d\u2019une mati\u00e8re<\/a> qui demeure en phase liquide alors que sa temp\u00e9rature est plus basse que son point de solidification.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> Wikip\u00e9dia<\/strong>
\n\u00ab<\/span>\u00a0Supercooling is the state of matter<\/a> that remains in the liquid phase when its temperature is lower than its solidification point.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/em> Wikip\u00e9dia<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

J\u2019ai pu observer facilement le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de sublimation, quand la neige dispara\u00eet peu \u00e0 peu sans fondre. En ce qui concerne la surfusion, promenez-vous sur la toile pour voir les exemples les plus dr\u00f4les\u00a0: c\u2019est tout \u00e0 fait spectaculaire\u00a0!<\/strong>
\nI was able to easily observe the phenomenon of sublimation, when the snow gradually disappears without melting. As for supercooling, take a stroll on the web to see the funniest examples: it is quite spectacular!
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Devenue glace, encore une fois l\u2019eau n\u2019a pas fini de nous surprendre et de nous en apprendre.<\/strong>
\nHaving become ice, once again the water has not finished surprising and teaching us.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Alors qu\u2019il observait son verre de whisky, le glaciologue Claude Lorius<\/a> a remarqu\u00e9 les bulles de gaz lib\u00e9r\u00e9es par le gla\u00e7on – mais pas n\u2019importe quel gla\u00e7on, de la tr\u00e8s vieille glace, cela se passait lors d\u2019un hivernage en Terre Ad\u00e9lie en 1965.<\/strong>
\nWhile observing his glass of whiskey, glaciologist Claude Lorius<\/a> noticed the gas bubbles released by the ice cube – but not just any ice cube, very old ice, this happened during a wintering in Terre Ad\u00e9lie in 1965.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0J\u2019ai eu l’intuition qu\u2019elles conservaient des indications sur l\u2019altitude de la formation de la glace et, surtout, qu\u2019elles repr\u00e9sentaient des t\u00e9moins fiables et uniques de la composition de l\u2019air\u00a0\u00bb <\/strong><\/em>Claude Lorius<\/strong>
\n\u00ab\u00a0I had the intuition that they preserved indications on the altitude of the formation of the ice and, more importantly, that they represented reliable and unique witnesses of the composition of the air\u00a0\u00bb <\/strong><\/span><\/em>Claude Lorius
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Le film documentaire \u00ab\u00a0La glace et le ciel\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9voque l\u2019existence de Claude Lorius et d\u00e9taille les travaux de forage qui ont permis \u00e0 son \u00e9quipe et \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame de rapporter \u00e0 la surface des \u00e9chantillons vieux de 800\u00a0000 ans. <\/strong>
\nThe documentary film \u00ab\u00a0La glace et le ciel\u00a0\u00bb evokes the existence of Claude Lorius and details the drilling work which allowed him and his team to bring to the surface samples dating back 800,000 years.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Claude Lorius \u00ab\u00a0est le premier, avec Jean Jouzel, \u00e0 avoir mis en \u00e9vidence le lien entre la concentration atmosph\u00e9rique en gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat,\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> nous dit Wikip\u00e9dia.<\/strong>
\nClaude Lorius \u00ab\u00a0is the first, along with Jean Jouzel, to have highlighted the link between the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and climate change,\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> Wikipedia tells us.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Une vid\u00e9o<\/a> accessible aussi aux anglophones\u00a0:<\/strong>
\nA video<\/a> also accessible to English speakers:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019homme est en train de changer le climat de la terre. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 de voir les impacts de notre mode de vie jusqu\u2019au bout du monde.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> C Lorius<\/strong>
\n\u00ab\u00a0Man is changing the climate of the earth. I was impressed to see the impacts of our way of life all over the world.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> C Lorius
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Il semble naturel de tourner un bouton et de voir jaillir de l\u2019eau. Rien n\u2019est moins naturel. En rappelant que de plus en plus de pays sur la plan\u00e8te sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019approvisionnement en eau potable, je n\u2019apprends rien \u00e0 personne.<\/strong>
\nIt feels natural to turn a knob and see water gushing out. Nothing is less natural. Remembering that more and more countries on the planet are facing problems of drinking water supply, I am not teaching anyone anything.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s les carnets d\u2019alerte, \u00ab\u00a0chaque jour dans le monde, pr\u00e8s de mille enfants de moins de 5 ans meurent d\u2019avoir bu de l\u2019eau insalubre.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> Je ne retrouve pas ce texte, voici la pr\u00e9sentation de l’association<\/a>.<\/strong>
\nAccording to the carnets d\u2019alerte (the alert books), \u00ab\u00a0every day around the world, nearly a thousand children under the age of 5 die from drinking unsafe water.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> I cannot find this text, here is the presentation of the association<\/a>.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eame notre mutuelle<\/a> le rappelle\u00a0:<\/strong>
\n\u00ab\u00a0La quasi-totalit\u00e9 des cours d\u2019eau et des nappes phr\u00e9atiques sont pollu\u00e9s par des cocktails chimiques de pesticides et de nitrates en France.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>
\nEven our mutual<\/a> recalls it:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00ab\u00a0Almost all rivers and groundwater are polluted by chemical cocktails of pesticides and nitrates in France.\u00a0\u00bb
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Le Covid-19 a remis \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour quelques notions d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne de base. Chez nous, le lavage des mains semble se pratiquer de nouveau. Mais comment faire quand on n\u2019a pas d\u2019eau\u00a0? Voil\u00e0 de nouvelles graves difficult\u00e9s pour les minorit\u00e9s ethniques comme celles des Am\u00e9rindiens Navajos, qui vivent dans des r\u00e9gions semi-d\u00e9sertiques et payent un lourd tribut \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie.<\/strong>
\nThe Covid-19 has put some basic hygiene concepts back on the agenda. Here, hand washing seems to be happening again. But what do you do when you don’t have water? These are serious new challenges for ethnic minorities like the Navajo Native Americans, who live in semi-desert regions and are paying a heavy price for the pandemic.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ici, nous sommes donc propri\u00e9taires de notre eau, d\u2019une source priv\u00e9e. Cela veut dire que nous payons\u2026 son assainissement depuis que notre r\u00e9seau est raccord\u00e9 au tout \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gout. Cela veut dire que nous devons surveiller sa qualit\u00e9, faire des analyses. Cela veut dire que c\u2019est nous qui avons remis en \u00e9tat chaque centim\u00e8tre de conduite. Et cela veut dire aussi que nous n\u2019avons personne aupr\u00e8s de qui r\u00e9clamer quand la s\u00e9cheresse implacable r\u00e9duit le d\u00e9bit de la source et nous interdit d\u2019arroser autant qu\u2019il le faut notre beau jardin.<\/strong>
\nHere, therefore, we own our water, from a private source. This means that we are paying for … its sanitation since our network is connected to the sewer (the sewer network? Sewer sanitary system?). This means that we have to monitor its quality, do analyzes. It means that we are the ones who put every inch of the ride back into shape. And it also means that we have no one to appeal to when the relentless drought reduces the flow of the spring and prevents us from watering our beautiful garden as much as we need to.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous venons de remplacer le surpresseur d\u00e9faillant. Pendant quelques heures, il n\u2019y avait plus qu\u2019un point d\u2019eau, dehors, devant la maison. Autrefois, cette situation \u00e9tait permanente, nos anc\u00eatres n\u2019avaient pas les acc\u00e8s faciles \u00e0 l\u2019eau que nous avons. Pendant les r\u00e9parations, je remplis des r\u00e9cipients pour les avoir avec moi \u00e0 la cuisine o\u00f9 j\u2019officie. C\u2019est un peu compliqu\u00e9, cela me donne l\u2019impression de me retrouver dans le pass\u00e9.<\/strong>
\nWe have just replaced the faulty booster (water booster pump). For a few hours, there was only a water point outside in front of the house. In the past, this situation was permanent, our ancestors did not have the easy access to water that we do. During repairs, I fill containers to have them with me in the kitchen where I serve. It’s a bit complicated, it makes me feel like I’m in the past.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Oui, nous devrions garder pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 l\u2019esprit le fait que l\u2019eau est extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9cieuse.<\/strong>
\nYes, we should keep in mind that water is extremely precious.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Je me l\u00e8ve t\u00f4t pour profiter de la relative fra\u00eecheur. Il faut arroser. Certes, la canicule est quelque chose de naturel, mais quelle est la part de la folie humaine dans ces p\u00e9nibles chaleurs\u00a0?<\/strong>
\nI get up early to take advantage of the relative freshness. I have to water. Admittedly, the heat wave is something natural, but what is the part of human madness in these painful heat?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Je d\u00e9die ce texte \u00e0 l\u2019ami et voisin Claude \u00e0 cause de tout le travail qu\u2019il a assum\u00e9 pour la gestion communale de l\u2019eau.<\/strong>
\nI dedicate this text to our friend and neighbour Claude because of all the work he has done for municipal water management.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toutes les photos qui illustrent ce texte, sauf l\u2019arc en ciel, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises lundi 10 ao\u00fbt, pour faire un \u00e9tat des lieux \u00e0 un moment pr\u00e9cis dans un lieu pr\u00e9cis. Le parc souffre, mais certains arbres sont toujours resplendissants. … Continuer la lecture →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7782"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7782"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7817,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7782\/revisions\/7817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}