{"id":14121,"date":"2023-10-30T20:19:11","date_gmt":"2023-10-30T20:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/?p=14121"},"modified":"2023-10-30T20:28:13","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T20:28:13","slug":"une-page-dhistoires","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/?p=14121","title":{"rendered":"Une page d’histoire(s)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Mes connaissances en histoire, c\u2019est un peu comme un grand vide dans lequel flottent ici et l\u00e0 quelques \u00e9v\u00e9nements. Autant dire que l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Italie, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment de la V\u00e9n\u00e9tie, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment des Sept Communes, tout cela n\u2019est pas \u00e0 ma port\u00e9e. <\/strong>
Mais je me suis passionn\u00e9e pour ces \u00ab\u00a0Sette Comuni\u00a0\u00bb,<\/em> une f\u00e9d\u00e9ration vieille de plusieurs si\u00e8cles, regroupement de communes dont Asiago \u00e9tait le chef-lieu. On y parlait le cimbre, certains le parlent encore, on y vivait pauvrement en pratiquant une forme de communisme.<\/strong>
(\u2026) les anc\u00eatres avaient fond\u00e9 l\u00e0 une communaut\u00e9 autonome, une civilisation bas\u00e9e sur une \u00e9conomie rurale. <\/strong><\/em>– Le vin de la vie<\/strong>
My knowledge of history is a bit like a big void in which a few events float here and there. Suffice to say that the history of Italy, more precisely of Veneto, more precisely of the Seven Communes, all of this is not within my reach.<\/span><\/strong>
But I became passionate about these \u00ab\u00a0Sette Comuni\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, a centuries-old federation, a group of municipalities of which Asiago was the capital. Cimbri was spoken there, some still speak it, and people lived there poorly while practicing a form of communism.<\/span><\/strong>
(\u2026) the ancestors had founded an autonomous community there, a civilization based on a rural economy.<\/em> – Le vin de la vie<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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ignorance abyssale \u2014 abysmal ignorance<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n

Avant la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale, la fronti\u00e8re entre le Royaume d\u2019Italie et l\u2019Empire austro-hongrois se trouvait tout pr\u00e8s d\u2019Asiago\u00a0: entre 1915 et 1918, les combats y ont fait rage, on parle de 1,5 million de bombes lanc\u00e9es sur cette r\u00e9gion, qui n\u2019est pas immense. Un million d\u2019hommes s\u2019y sont battus, et cent mille de ces combattants sont morts. Asiago a \u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9truite\u00a0: tu rentrais chez toi, ta maison avait \u00e9t\u00e9 bombard\u00e9e et tout le reste autour aussi. <\/strong>
Before the First World War, the border between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire was located very close to Asiago: between 1915 and 1918, the fighting raged there, there were 1.5 million bombs launched in this region, which is not huge. A million men fought there, and a hundred thousand of these fighters died. Asiago was completely destroyed: you came home, your house had been bombed and everything else around it too.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Photo sur un mur dans une rue d’Asiago
Photo on a wall in a street in Asiago<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n

Au cours de cette guerre, en 1916, Emilio Lussu, arrivant sur \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019Altipiano\u00a0\u00bb pour combattre, croise ce qu\u2019il nomme \u00ab\u00a0le convoi de la douleur\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: ce sont tous les habitants des Sept Communes fuyant l\u2019ennemi. \u00ab\u00a0Les paysans \u00e9loign\u00e9s de leur terre \u00e9taient comme des naufrag\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> Plus tard, Lussu racontera \u00ab\u00a0un an sur l\u2019Altipiano\u00a0\u00bb connu aussi sous le titre \u00ab\u00a0les hommes contre\u00a0\u00bb, r\u00e9cit dont Francesco Rosi a tir\u00e9 le film \u00e9ponyme. Mario Rigoni Stern a dit beaucoup de bien du livre, montrant moins d\u2019enthousiasme pour le film.<\/strong>
During this war, in 1916, Emilio Lussu, arriving on the \u00ab\u00a0Altipiano\u00a0\u00bb to fight, encounters what he calls \u00ab\u00a0the convoy of pain\u00a0\u00bb: these are all the inhabitants of the Seven Communes fleeing the enemy. \u00ab\u00a0Peasants removed from their land were like shipwrecked people. \u00bb<\/em> Later, Lussu will tell \u00ab\u00a0A Year on the Altipiano\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0un an sur l\u2019Altipiano\u00a0\u00bb also known as \u00ab\u00a0The Men Against\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0les hommes contre\u00a0\u00bb, a story from which Francesco Rosi made the eponymous film. Mario Rigoni Stern spoke highly of the book, showing less enthusiasm for the film.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

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Asiago<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n

Emilio Lussu n\u2019est ni pacifiste, ni antimilitariste, mais de nombreuses pages de son livre d\u00e9noncent l\u2019absurdit\u00e9 criminelle de la guerre, les fanfaronnades non moins criminelles des grad\u00e9s. La traductrice du livre, Emmanuelle Genevois, parle \u00e0 propos de la guerre, dans une postface, de ce \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l\u2019incomp\u00e9tence, parfois de la l\u00e2chet\u00e9 de chefs criminels, et le jugement de Lussu est s\u00e9v\u00e8re et sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb
<\/em><\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0Il [Lussu] raconte la vie des soldats italiens dans les tranch\u00e9es et d\u00e9crit l’irrationnel, le non-sens de la guerre et la discipline militaire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> \u2014 Wikip\u00e9dia
<\/strong>
Emilio Lussu is neither pacifist nor antimilitarist, but many pages of his book denounce the criminal absurdity of war, the no less criminal boasting of the officers. The translator of the book, Emmanuelle Genevois, speaks about the war, in an afterword, about this \u00ab\u00a0theater of incompetence, sometimes of the cowardice of criminal leaders, and Lussu\u2019s judgment is severe and unambiguous. \u00bb
<\/em><\/span><\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0He [Lussu] tells the story of the life of Italian soldiers in the trenches and describes the irrational, the meaninglessness of war and military discipline. \u00bb<\/em> \u2014 Wikipedia
<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Zoom sur un fort de cette \u00e9poque vu depuis Levico Terme
Zoom on a fort from this era seen from Levico Terme<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Le nom de Cadorna revient \u00e0 plusieurs reprises dans \u00ab\u00a0les hommes contre\u00a0\u00bb. Wikip\u00e9dia nous dit que Cadorna, mar\u00e9chal d\u2019Italie, r\u00e9organisa l\u2019arm\u00e9e royale d\u2019Italie \u00e0 la veille de la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale, et en fut le chef d\u2019\u00e9tat major pendant les 30 premiers mois. Il avait un pouvoir immense. \u00ab\u00a0Sous sa direction, l’arm\u00e9e italienne a massivement recours aux pelotons d\u2019ex\u00e9cution et aux d\u00e9cimations des soldats qui souhaitent la fin de la guerre. Il serait \u00e0 l’origine de 750 condamnations et 270 ex\u00e9cutions sommaires.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/strong>
Dans son livre, Emilio Lussu attribue \u00e0 Ottolenghi ces paroles\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nos ennemis naturels, ce sont nos g\u00e9n\u00e9raux. Si, dans les parages, se trouvait le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Cadorna, ce serait notre ennemi principal et il ne s\u2019agirait que de le rep\u00e9rer.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/strong>
Cadorna’s name comes up several times in \u00ab\u00a0The Men Against\u00a0\u00bb Wikipedia tells us that Cadorna, Marshal of Italy, reorganized the Royal Italian Army on the eve of the First World War, and was its chief of staff for the first 30 months. He had immense power. \u00ab\u00a0Under his leadership, the Italian army massively resorted to firing squads and decimations of soldiers who wanted an end to the war. He is said to be behind 750 convictions and 270 summary executions. \u00bb<\/em><\/span><\/strong>
In his book, Emilio Lussu attributes these words to Ottolenghi: \u00ab\u00a0Our natural enemies are our generals. If General Cadorna were nearby, he would be our main enemy and we would just have to locate him. \u00bb<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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En 2011, en Sardaigne, \u00e0 Orgosolo, Paul et moi sommes pass\u00e9s par la rue Cadorna\u00a0: Orgosolo est une ville de \u00ab\u00a0murales\u00a0\u00bb, de peintures murales. Je n\u2019avais pas la place pour faire une photo d\u2019ensemble.<\/strong>
Voici un commentaire \u00e9difiant sur ce chef de guerre, sur sa responsabilit\u00e9\u00a0:<\/strong>
In 2011, in Sardinia, in Orgosolo, Paul and I passed through Cadorna Street: Orgosolo is a town of \u201cmurals\u201d, of wall paintings. I didn’t have the space to take an overall photo.<\/span><\/strong>
Here is an edifying comment on this war leader, on his responsibility:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Cadorna est fils de chien, il en a fait tuer tant et tant et il n\u2019en souffre pas, alors que nous en souffrons. 571\u00a0000 soldats italiens sont morts, 451\u00a0645 sont invalides et mutil\u00e9s, 117\u00a0000 disparus\u2026 210\u00a0000 soldats furent fusill\u00e9s et condamn\u00e9s parce qu’ils voulaient mettre fin \u00e0 la guerre.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0Cadorna is the son of a dog, he has had so many killed and he doesn\u2019t suffer from it, while we do. 571,000 Italian soldiers died, 451,645 were disabled and mutilated, 117,000 missing… 210,000 soldiers were shot and condemned because they wanted to end the war. \u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Asiago est maintenant une fort jolie ville, tr\u00e8s touristique, \u00e9loign\u00e9e de la fronti\u00e8re puisque le red\u00e9coupage de celle-ci en 1918 la fait passer maintenant bien plus au nord (malheur aux vaincus\u00a0!).<\/strong>
Mario Rigoni Stern y est n\u00e9 en 1921\u00a0: la vie y \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 difficile avant le conflit, et la guerre a laiss\u00e9 son lot de ruines. Une nouvelle \u00e9conomie de la mis\u00e8re s\u2019y d\u00e9veloppe\u00a0: on r\u00e9cup\u00e8re le m\u00e9tal des douilles des balles et des obus pour le vendre. Bien s\u00fbr les obus peuvent exploser et de nouveaux noms viennent grossir encore l\u2019interminable liste des morts.<\/strong>
Asiago is now a very pretty town, very touristy, far from the border since the redistribution of the latter in 1918 now takes it much further north (woe to the vanquished!).<\/span><\/strong>
Mario Rigoni Stern was born there in 1921: life there was already difficult before the conflict, and the war left its share of ruins. A new poverty economy is developing there: metal from bullet and shell casings is recovered to sell it. Of course the shells can explode and new names add to the endless list of dead.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Mario y conna\u00eet une enfance pauvre mais heureuse, m\u00eame s\u2019il lui arrive, en jouant dans les tranch\u00e9es, de d\u00e9couvrir des restes humains. Souvent dehors, en contact avec la nature, c\u2019est tout naturellement qu\u2019il devient chasseur alpin.<\/strong>
Mario had a poor but happy childhood there, even if he happened to discover human remains while playing in the trenches. Often outdoors, in contact with nature, it is quite natural that he becomes an alpine hunter.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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En direction du Mont Zebio
Towards Mount Zebio<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n

Il n\u2019a pas dix-huit ans au d\u00e9but du deuxi\u00e8me conflit mondial, il est sergent, et il passe des ann\u00e9es \u00e0 combattre. Gravement traumatis\u00e9 par ce qu\u2019il a v\u00e9cu, l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des combats, la mort de ses camarades, la faim, le froid, revenu dans des conditions extr\u00eamement difficiles, il d\u00e9cide d\u2019\u00e9crire plut\u00f4t que d\u2019oublier, faisant une d\u00e9marche comparable \u00e0 celle de son ami Primo Levi. Mario aussi d\u00e9nonce l\u2019horreur de la guerre. De fasciste, il est devenu pacifiste. \u00ab\u00a0Le sergent dans la neige\u00a0\u00bb, son premier livre, conna\u00eet un grand succ\u00e8s. <\/strong>
He was not eighteen years old at the start of the Second World War, he was a sergeant, and he spent years fighting. Seriously traumatized by what he experienced, the intensity of the fighting, the death of his comrades, the hunger, the cold, returning to extremely difficult conditions, he decided to write rather than forget, taking a comparable approach to that of his friend Primo Levi. Mario also denounces the horror of war. From a fascist, he became a pacifist. \u00ab\u00a0Le sergent dans la neige\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0The Sergeant in the Snow,\u00a0\u00bb his first book, was a great success.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Mussolini a fait construire l\u2019ossuaire tr\u00e8s (trop) visible \u00e0 Asiago.<\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0Si les 50\u00a0000 Italiens et Austro-Hongrois qui sont l\u00e0-dedans pouvaient sortir et dire ce qu\u2019ils pensent, beaucoup d\u2019id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues seraient renvers\u00e9es\u00a0! La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 n\u2019est assur\u00e9ment pas faite de coups de clairon et de drapeaux qui claquent au vent.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>
\u2014 Mario Rigoni Stern \u00ab\u00a0Le Courage de dire non\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>
Mussolini had the very (too) visible ossuary built in Asiago.<\/span><\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0If the 50,000 Italians and Austro-Hungarians who are in there could come out and say what they think, a lot of preconceived ideas would be overturned! The truth is certainly not made up of bugles and flags flapping in the wind. \u00bb<\/em>
\u2014 Mario Rigoni Stern \u00ab\u00a0Le Courage de dire non\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0The Courage to Say No\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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C\u2019est par Mario Rigoni Stern que nous avons d\u00e9couvert ce lieu o\u00f9 il a pass\u00e9 toute sa vie et o\u00f9 il est mort en 2008. Cet homme s\u2019est toujours proclam\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0narrateur\u00a0\u00bb et pas \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9crivain\u00a0\u00bb, trouvant dans les t\u00e9moignages qu\u2019il a \u00e9crits assez de mati\u00e8re sans avoir \u00e0 inventer des romans.<\/strong>
It was through Mario Rigoni Stern that we discovered this place where he spent his entire life and where he died in 2008. This man has always proclaimed himself a \u00ab\u00a0narrator\u00a0\u00bb and not a \u00ab\u00a0writer\u00a0\u00bb, finding in the testimonies he has write enough material without having to invent novels.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Tu traverses Asiago, tu contournes le petit a\u00e9rodrome et la petite route commence \u00e0 monter\u00a0: c\u2019est l\u00e0 que tu trouves la maison que Mario a construite.<\/strong>
You cross Asiago, you go around the small airfield and the small road starts to go up: this is where you find the house that Mario built.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Avant d\u2019aller \u00e0 Asiago, j\u2019avais lu \u00ab\u00a0le sergent dans la neige\u00a0\u00bb, puis \u00ab\u00a0Altipiano, cheminer avec Mario Rigoni Stern\u00a0\u00bb du photographe Lo\u00efc Seron. Ainsi Paul et moi nous nous sommes pr\u00e9par\u00e9s \u00e0 aller rendre visite \u00e0 Mario Rigoni Stern, cet homme remarquable, comme on irait saluer un ami, visite qui s\u2019est termin\u00e9e sur sa modeste tombe. <\/strong>
Before going to Asiago, I had read \u00ab\u00a0le sergent dans la neige\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0The Sergeant in the Snow\u00a0\u00bb, then \u00ab\u00a0Altipiano, cheminer avec Mario Rigoni Stern\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Altipiano, walking with Mario Rigoni Stern\u00a0\u00bb by photographer Lo\u00efc Seron. So Paul and I prepared to go and visit Mario Rigoni Stern, this remarkable man, as we would go to greet a friend, a visit which ended at his modest grave.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00ab\u00a0laghetto\u00a0\u00bb de Lumera<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Ce jour-l\u00e0, je garde avec moi le livre de Lo\u00efc Seron, et nous nous dirigeons apr\u00e8s notre pique-nique vers le \u00ab\u00a0laghetto\u00a0\u00bb de Lumera afin d\u2019y faire une pause lecture. C\u2019est amusant de feuilleter le livre de Lo\u00efc Seron, venu rencontrer Mario Rigoni Stern avant sa mort, revenu ensuite photographier ces magnifiques paysages. Mais c\u2019est une autre surprise pour nous quand nous trouvons dans le livre le clich\u00e9 que je viens de prendre moi-m\u00eame\u00a0! Lo\u00efc Seron a march\u00e9 dans les pas de l\u2019\u00e9crivain, pas d\u2019erreur, et \u00e0 notre tour nous suivons le m\u00eame cheminement\u00a0!<\/strong>
That day, I kept Lo\u00efc Seron’s book with me, and after our picnic we headed to the \u00ab\u00a0laghetto\u00a0\u00bb of Lumera to take a reading break. It\u2019s fun to leaf through the book by Lo\u00efc Seron, who came to meet Mario Rigoni Stern before his death, then returned to photograph these magnificent landscapes. But it\u2019s another surprise for us when we find in the book the photo that I just took myself! Lo\u00efc Seron followed in the footsteps of the writer, no mistake, and in our turn we are following the same path!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Avant \u2014 Before<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Apr\u00e8s \u2014 After<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n

J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9mue par nos excursions \u00e0 Asiago. Et de marcher sur les pas d\u2019Emilio, de Mario et de Lo\u00efc\u2026 Et le r\u00e9cit de notre voyage n\u2019est toujours pas termin\u00e9\u00a0!<\/strong>
I was very moved by our excursions to Asiago. And to follow in the footsteps of Emilio, Mario and Lo\u00efc… And the story of our journey is still not over!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Bibliographie Bibliography<\/strong>

Emilio Lussu<\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0les hommes contre\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mario Rigoni Stern<\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0Le vin de la vie\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0Le sergent dans la neige\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0Le Courage de dire non\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lo\u00efc Seron <\/strong>
\u00ab\u00a0Altipiano, cheminer avec Mario Rigoni Stern\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n



<\/p>\n\n\n\n


<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mes connaissances en histoire, c\u2019est un peu comme un grand vide dans lequel flottent ici et l\u00e0 quelques \u00e9v\u00e9nements. Autant dire que l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Italie, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment de la V\u00e9n\u00e9tie, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment des Sept Communes, tout cela n\u2019est pas \u00e0 … Continuer la lecture →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14121"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14156,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14121\/revisions\/14156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pasassezdetemps.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}